![]() ![]() ‘hearing voices’), one of the most common and most distressing hallucinations in a major psychiatric disorder, schizophrenia. A better understanding of self-voice perception is of immediate clinical relevance, as deficits in self-other VD have been related to auditory-verbal hallucinations (AVHs) (i.e. For instance, the extent to which self-voice perception differs from that of other familiar voices remains poorly understood as does the extent to which acoustic properties that enable discriminating voices of other people are involved in self-other voice discrimination (VD). Although there is ample evidence showing that self-related stimuli are perceived differently and activate distinct cortical regions compared with other, non-self-associated stimuli, the specific mechanisms of self-voice perception have been surprisingly under-investigated, both in behavioural and neuroimaging studies. Our own voice is the sound most intimately linked to our self. We have a lifelong daily exposure to our voice, higher than exposure even to the most familiar voices. Considering the fundamental role our voice plays in our everyday communication, this should be quite surprising. We are all familiar with the strange sensation that occurs when we hear our voice in video or voice recordings. Collectively, our findings show that concomitant vibrotactile stimulation improves auditory self-identification, thereby portraying self-voice as a fundamentally multi-modal construct. Furthermore, our data outline independent contributions of familiarity and acoustic processing to separating the own from another's voice: although vocal differences increased general voice discrimination, self-voices were more confused with familiar than unfamiliar voices, regardless of their acoustic similarity. Combining voice morphing with psychophysics, we demonstrate that specifically self-other but not familiar-other voice discrimination improved for stimuli presented using bone as compared with air conduction. In a series of three studies, we rectified this ecological discrepancy by augmenting experimental self-voice stimuli with bone-conducted vibrotactile stimulation that is present during natural self-voice perception. Accordingly, factors that contribute to self-voice perception remain largely unknown. ![]() The resulting discrepancy between experimental and natural self-voice stimuli has significantly impeded self-voice research, rendering it one of the least investigated aspects of self-consciousness. One of the main reasons is the lack of bone conduction that is inevitably present when hearing one's own voice while speaking. Although it is the sound we associate most with ourselves, it is perceived as strange when played back in a recording. One's own voice is one of the most important and most frequently heard voices. ![]()
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